Applicable Federal Rates · February 2023
Applicable Federal Rates for February 2023
Every rate the IRS published for February 2023 in Rev. Rul. 2023-3: the short-, mid- and long-term AFR at four compounding periods, the multiples, the adjusted AFR, and the § 7520 rate. The 120% mid-term row is worked below the table.
In February 2023 the mid-term AFR was 3.82% and 120% of it was 4.59% (annual compounding), so a 72(t)/SEPP payment beginning in either of the two following months could use up to the greater of 5% and 4.59%. The § 7520 rate for the month was 4.6%.
| Rate | Annual | Semiannual | Quarterly | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term (3 years or less) | ||||
| AFR | 4.47% | 4.42% | 4.40% | 4.38% |
| 110% AFR | 4.92% | 4.86% | 4.83% | 4.81% |
| 120% AFR | 5.37% | 5.30% | 5.27% | 5.24% |
| 130% AFR | 5.83% | 5.75% | 5.71% | 5.68% |
| Mid-term (over 3, up to 9 years) | ||||
| AFR | 3.82% | 3.78% | 3.76% | 3.75% |
| 110% AFR | 4.20% | 4.16% | 4.14% | 4.12% |
| 120% AFR | 4.59% | 4.54% | 4.51% | 4.50% |
| 130% AFR | 4.97% | 4.91% | 4.88% | 4.86% |
| 150% AFR | 5.75% | 5.67% | 5.63% | 5.60% |
| 175% AFR | 6.73% | 6.62% | 6.57% | 6.53% |
| Long-term (over 9 years) | ||||
| AFR | 3.86% | 3.82% | 3.80% | 3.79% |
| 110% AFR | 4.24% | 4.20% | 4.18% | 4.16% |
| 120% AFR | 4.63% | 4.58% | 4.55% | 4.54% |
| 130% AFR | 5.03% | 4.97% | 4.94% | 4.92% |
| Term | Annual | Semiannual | Quarterly | Monthly |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term adjusted AFR | 3.39% | 3.36% | 3.35% | 3.34% |
| Mid-term adjusted AFR | 2.89% | 2.87% | 2.86% | 2.85% |
| Long-term adjusted AFR | 2.92% | 2.90% | 2.89% | 2.88% |
| Adjusted federal long-term rate (§ 382) | 2.92% |
| Long-term tax-exempt rate (§ 382; highest of this and the prior two months) | 3.29% |
| § 7520 rate (annuities, life estates, remainders) | 4.6% |
Note on this month's source. Rev. Rul. 2023-3 is typeset so that text extraction emits the row labels and then every percentage column by column; transcribed by hand from the PDF and validated by check-afr.mjs's derivation test. Source document.
Source: IRS Rev. Rul. 2023-3, Tables 1, 2, 3 and 5 (PDF on irs.gov). Percentages are shown as the ruling prints them; nothing here is rounded or derived except the worked lines below, which are labelled as such. Rates apply to the calendar month named, under IRC § 1274(d); which month governs a given instrument depends on the Code section that uses it.
How the 120% mid-term rate is derived
The IRS applies each multiple to the semiannual mid-term AFR, then converts that semiannual rate to the other compounding periods. Multiplying the annual figure by 1.2 does not reproduce the published table; this does, within 0.01 percentage points, in every ruling since January 2000.
The § 7520 rate is the annual 120% mid-term figure rounded to the nearest 0.2%, with a tie rounding up: 4.59% → 4.6%, which is what the ruling publishes.
What these rates are for
IRC § 1274(d) requires the IRS to publish the applicable federal rates every month: the short-term rate for instruments of three years or less, the mid-term rate for over three and up to nine years, and the long-term rate beyond that, each set from the average market yield on outstanding U.S. Treasury obligations of comparable maturity. The multiples serve other Code sections: 120% of the mid-term rate caps a 72(t)/SEPP fixed-amortization or annuitization payment (Notice 2022-6) and, rounded to 0.2%, is the § 7520 rate used to value annuities, life estates and remainders; the 110%, 130%, 150% and 175% rows feed § 42, § 382, § 467 and § 468 computations. The adjusted AFR in Table 2 is the § 1288 rate for tax-exempt obligations.
Informational only, not tax, legal or financial advice. Confirm the figure against the linked ruling before relying on it.
Last reviewed: November 2026 · snapshot built 2026-10-26 from irs.gov.
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