WealthExact

Applicable Federal Rates (AFR) by Month

The rates the IRS sets each month for loans, 72(t)/SEPP payments and the § 7520 valuation rate, read from each month's Revenue Ruling since January 2000. The newest month is November 2026; every earlier month has its own page.

For November 2026, 120% of the mid-term AFR is 6.11% (Rev. Rul. 2026-21), so the 72(t)/SEPP rate cap is 6.11%, the greater of that and the 5% floor. Under Notice 2022-6 you can use it for a first distribution taken in December 2026 or January 2027. The § 7520 rate for November 2026 is 6.2%.

November 2026 — the full table

Table 1 — Applicable Federal Rates, by compounding period
RateAnnualSemiannualQuarterlyMonthly
Short-term (3 years or less)
AFR4.67%4.62%4.59%4.58%
110% AFR5.14%5.08%5.05%5.03%
120% AFR5.62%5.54%5.50%5.48%
130% AFR6.10%6.01%5.97%5.94%
Mid-term (over 3, up to 9 years)
AFR5.08%5.02%4.99%4.97%
110% AFR5.60%5.52%5.48%5.46%
120% AFR6.11%6.02%5.98%5.95%
130% AFR6.64%6.53%6.48%6.44%
150% AFR7.67%7.53%7.46%7.41%
175% AFR8.98%8.79%8.70%8.63%
Long-term (over 9 years)
AFR5.52%5.45%5.41%5.39%
110% AFR6.09%6.00%5.96%5.93%
120% AFR6.65%6.54%6.49%6.45%
130% AFR7.22%7.09%7.03%6.99%
Tables 3 and 5 — § 382 and § 7520 rates
Adjusted federal long-term rate (§ 382)4.18%
Long-term tax-exempt rate (§ 382; highest of this and the prior two months)4.18%
§ 7520 rate (annuities, life estates, remainders)6.2%

Everything in the November 2026 ruling, including the adjusted AFR (Table 2) and the worked derivation of the 120% row.

Mid-term AFR and the 72(t)/SEPP cap, every month

Annual compounding, the convention Notice 2022-6 uses. Each month links to its full table and names the ruling it came from.

MonthRev. Rul.Mid-term AFR120% mid-term AFREffective SEPP cap§ 7520
Nov 20262026-215.08%6.11%6.11%6.2%
Oct 20262026-194.61%5.54%5.54%5.6%
Sep 20262026-174.49%5.40%5.40%5.4%
Aug 20262026-134.35%5.23%5.23%5.2%
Jul 20262026-124.35%5.23%5.23%5.2%
Jun 20262026-114.13%4.97%5.00%5.0%
May 20262026-94.08%4.91%5.00%5.0%
Apr 20262026-73.82%4.59%5.00%4.6%
Mar 20262026-63.93%4.72%5.00%4.8%
Feb 20262026-33.86%4.63%5.00%4.6%
Jan 20262026-23.81%4.57%5.00%4.6%
Dec 20252025-243.79%4.55%5.00%4.6%
Nov 20252025-213.83%4.60%5.00%4.6%
Oct 20252025-193.87%4.65%5.00%4.6%
Sep 20252025-174.04%4.86%5.00%4.8%
Aug 20252025-144.06%4.88%5.00%4.8%
Jul 20252025-134.19%5.04%5.04%5.0%
Jun 20252025-124.07%4.90%5.00%5.0%
May 20252025-104.10%4.93%5.00%5.0%
Apr 20252025-84.21%5.06%5.06%5.0%
Mar 20252025-64.46%5.36%5.36%5.4%
Feb 20252025-54.52%5.43%5.43%5.4%
Jan 20252025-14.24%5.10%5.10%5.2%
Dec 20242024-264.18%5.03%5.03%5.0%
Nov 20242024-243.70%4.45%5.00%4.4%
Oct 20242024-213.70%4.45%5.00%4.4%
Sep 20242024-174.02%4.84%5.00%4.8%
Aug 20242024-154.34%5.22%5.22%5.2%
Jul 20242024-134.49%5.40%5.40%5.4%
Jun 20242024-124.66%5.61%5.61%5.6%
May 20242024-94.42%5.31%5.31%5.4%
Apr 20242024-74.30%5.17%5.17%5.2%
Mar 20242024-44.13%4.97%5.00%5.0%
Feb 20242024-33.98%4.79%5.00%4.8%
Jan 20242024-24.37%5.25%5.25%5.2%
Dec 20232023-214.82%5.79%5.79%5.8%
Nov 20232023-204.69%5.65%5.65%5.6%
Oct 20232023-184.43%5.33%5.33%5.4%
Sep 20232023-164.19%5.04%5.04%5.0%
Aug 20232023-134.09%4.92%5.00%5.0%
Jul 20232023-123.85%4.62%5.00%4.6%
Jun 20232023-103.56%4.28%5.00%4.2%
May 20232023-93.57%4.30%5.00%4.4%
Apr 20232023-64.15%4.99%5.00%5.0%
Mar 20232023-53.70%4.45%5.00%4.4%
Feb 20232023-33.82%4.59%5.00%4.6%
Jan 20232023-13.85%4.62%5.00%4.6%
Dec 20222022-224.27%5.14%5.14%5.2%
Nov 20222022-203.97%4.78%5.00%4.8%
Oct 20222022-183.28%3.94%5.00%4.0%
Sep 20222022-172.93%3.52%5.00%3.6%
Aug 20222022-143.15%3.80%5.00%3.8%
Jul 20222022-122.99%3.59%5.00%3.6%
Jun 20222022-102.93%3.52%5.00%3.6%
May 20222022-92.51%3.01%5.00%3.0%
Apr 20222022-81.87%2.24%5.00%2.2%
Mar 20222022-41.74%2.09%5.00%2.0%
Feb 20222022-31.40%1.69%5.00%1.6%
Jan 20222022-11.30%1.57%5.00%1.6%
Dec 20212021-231.26%1.52%5.00%1.6%
Nov 20212021-211.08%1.30%5.00%1.4%
Oct 20212021-180.91%1.09%5.00%1.0%
Sep 20212021-160.86%1.03%5.00%1.0%
Aug 20212021-141.00%1.20%5.00%1.2%
Jul 20212021-121.00%1.20%5.00%1.2%
Jun 20212021-91.02%1.22%5.00%1.2%
May 20212021-81.07%1.28%5.00%1.2%
Apr 20212021-70.89%1.07%5.00%1.0%
Mar 20212021-50.62%0.74%5.00%0.8%
Feb 20212021-40.56%0.67%5.00%0.6%
Jan 20212021-10.52%0.62%5.00%0.6%
Dec 20202020-260.48%0.58%5.00%0.6%
Nov 20202020-220.39%0.47%5.00%0.4%
Oct 20202020-200.38%0.46%5.00%0.4%
Sep 20202020-160.35%0.42%5.00%0.4%
Aug 20202020-150.41%0.49%5.00%0.4%
Jul 20202020-140.45%0.54%5.00%0.6%
Jun 20202020-120.43%0.52%5.00%0.6%
May 20202020-110.58%0.70%5.00%0.8%
Apr 20202020-90.99%1.19%5.00%1.2%
Mar 20202020-61.53%1.83%5.00%1.8%
Feb 20202020-31.75%2.10%5.00%2.2%
Jan 20202020-11.69%2.03%5.00%2.0%
Dec 20192019-261.69%2.03%5.00%2.0%
Nov 20192019-251.59%1.91%5.00%2.0%
Oct 20192019-231.51%1.81%5.00%1.8%
Sep 20192019-201.78%2.13%5.00%2.2%
Aug 20192019-171.87%2.24%5.00%2.2%
Jul 20192019-162.08%2.50%5.00%2.6%
Jun 20192019-142.38%2.86%5.00%2.8%
May 20192019-122.37%2.85%5.00%2.8%
Apr 20192019-82.55%3.06%5.00%3.0%
Mar 20192019-72.59%3.10%5.00%3.2%
Feb 20192019-42.63%3.15%5.00%3.2%
Jan 20192019-32.89%3.47%5.00%3.4%
Dec 20182018-303.07%3.69%5.00%3.6%
Nov 20182018-283.04%3.65%5.00%3.6%
Oct 20182018-272.83%3.40%5.00%3.4%
Sep 20182018-232.86%3.44%5.00%3.4%
Aug 20182018-212.80%3.37%5.00%3.4%
Jul 20182018-192.87%3.45%5.00%3.4%
Jun 20182018-162.86%3.44%5.00%3.4%
May 20182018-122.69%3.23%5.00%3.2%
Apr 20182018-92.72%3.27%5.00%3.2%
Mar 20182018-62.57%3.08%5.00%3.0%
Feb 20182018-52.31%2.78%5.00%2.8%
Jan 20182018-12.18%2.62%5.00%2.6%
Dec 20172017-242.11%2.54%5.00%2.6%
Nov 20172017-212.00%2.40%5.00%2.4%
Oct 20172017-201.85%2.22%5.00%2.2%
Sep 20172017-171.94%2.33%5.00%2.4%
Aug 20172017-151.95%2.34%5.00%2.4%
Jul 20172017-141.89%2.27%5.00%2.2%
Jun 20172017-121.96%2.35%5.00%2.4%
May 20172017-112.04%2.45%5.00%2.4%
Apr 20172017-82.12%2.55%5.00%2.6%
Mar 20172017-72.05%2.47%5.00%2.4%
Feb 20172017-42.10%2.53%5.00%2.6%
Jan 20172017-21.97%2.36%5.00%2.4%
Dec 20162016-271.47%1.76%5.00%1.8%
Nov 20162016-261.33%1.61%5.00%1.6%
Oct 20162016-251.29%1.56%5.00%1.6%
Sep 20162016-201.22%1.47%5.00%1.4%
Aug 20162016-181.18%1.43%5.00%1.4%
Jul 20162016-171.43%1.71%5.00%1.8%
Jun 20162016-131.41%1.70%5.00%1.8%
May 20162016-111.43%1.71%5.00%1.8%
Apr 20162016-91.45%1.74%5.00%1.8%
Mar 20162016-71.48%1.77%5.00%1.8%
Feb 20162016-41.82%2.18%5.00%2.2%
Jan 20162016-11.81%2.17%5.00%2.2%
Dec 20152015-251.68%2.01%5.00%2.0%
Nov 20152015-221.59%1.91%5.00%2.0%
Oct 20152015-211.67%2.00%5.00%2.0%
Sep 20152015-191.77%2.12%5.00%2.2%
Aug 20152015-161.82%2.18%5.00%2.2%
Jul 20152015-151.77%2.12%5.00%2.2%
Jun 20152015-141.60%1.92%5.00%2.0%
May 20152015-81.53%1.83%5.00%1.8%
Apr 20152015-71.70%2.04%5.00%2.0%
Mar 20152015-41.47%1.76%5.00%1.8%
Feb 20152015-31.70%2.04%5.00%2.0%
Jan 20152015-11.75%2.10%5.00%2.2%
Dec 20142014-311.72%2.06%5.00%2.0%
Nov 20142014-281.90%2.28%5.00%2.2%
Oct 20142014-261.85%2.22%5.00%2.2%
Sep 20142014-221.86%2.23%5.00%2.2%
Aug 20142014-191.89%2.27%5.00%2.2%
Jul 20142014-201.82%2.18%5.00%2.2%
Jun 20142014-161.91%2.29%5.00%2.2%
May 20142014-131.93%2.31%5.00%2.4%
Apr 20142014-121.81%2.17%5.00%2.2%
Mar 20142014-81.84%2.21%5.00%2.2%
Feb 20142014-61.97%2.36%5.00%2.4%
Jan 20142014-11.75%2.10%5.00%2.2%
Dec 20132013-261.65%1.98%5.00%2.0%
Nov 20132013-221.73%2.07%5.00%2.0%
Oct 20132013-211.93%2.31%5.00%2.4%
Sep 20132013-181.66%1.99%5.00%2.0%
Aug 20132013-131.63%1.95%5.00%2.0%
Jul 20132013-151.22%1.47%5.00%1.4%
Jun 20132013-120.95%1.14%5.00%1.2%
May 20132013-111.00%1.20%5.00%1.2%
Apr 20132013-91.09%1.31%5.00%1.4%
Mar 20132013-71.09%1.31%5.00%1.4%
Feb 20132013-31.01%1.21%5.00%1.2%
Jan 20132013-10.87%1.04%5.00%1.0%
Dec 20122012-310.95%1.14%5.00%1.2%
Nov 20122012-300.89%1.07%5.00%1.0%
Oct 20122012-280.93%1.12%5.00%1.2%
Sep 20122012-240.84%1.01%5.00%1.0%
Aug 20122012-210.88%1.06%5.00%1.0%
Jul 20122012-200.92%1.10%5.00%1.2%
Jun 20122012-151.07%1.28%5.00%1.2%
May 20122012-131.30%1.57%5.00%1.6%
Apr 20122012-111.15%1.38%5.00%1.4%
Mar 20122012-91.08%1.30%5.00%1.4%
Feb 20122012-71.12%1.34%5.00%1.4%
Jan 20122012-21.17%1.40%5.00%1.4%
Dec 20112011-311.27%1.53%5.00%1.6%
Nov 20112011-251.20%1.45%5.00%1.4%
Oct 20112011-221.19%1.44%5.00%1.4%
Sep 20112011-201.63%1.95%5.00%2.0%
Aug 20112011-161.90%2.28%5.00%2.2%
Jul 20112011-142.00%2.40%5.00%2.4%
Jun 20112011-132.27%2.73%5.00%2.8%
May 20112011-112.44%2.94%5.00%3.0%
Apr 20112011-102.49%2.98%5.00%3.0%
Mar 20112011-62.44%2.94%5.00%3.0%
Feb 20112011-42.33%2.80%5.00%2.8%
Jan 20112011-21.95%2.34%5.00%2.4%
Dec 20102010-291.53%1.83%5.00%1.8%
Nov 20102010-261.59%1.91%5.00%2.0%
Oct 20102010-241.73%2.07%5.00%2.0%
Sep 20102010-201.94%2.33%5.00%2.4%
Aug 20102010-192.18%2.62%5.00%2.6%
Jul 20102010-182.35%2.83%5.00%2.8%
Jun 20102010-152.72%3.27%5.00%3.2%
May 20102010-122.87%3.45%5.00%3.4%
Apr 20102010-112.70%3.25%5.00%3.2%
Mar 20102010-82.69%3.23%5.00%3.2%
Feb 20102010-62.82%3.39%5.00%3.4%
Jan 20102010-12.45%2.95%5.00%3.0%
Dec 20092009-382.64%3.16%5.00%3.2%
Nov 20092009-352.59%3.10%5.00%3.2%
Oct 20092009-332.66%3.20%5.00%3.2%
Sep 20092009-292.87%3.45%5.00%3.4%
Aug 20092009-222.80%3.37%5.00%3.4%
Jul 20092009-202.76%3.32%5.00%3.4%
Jun 20092009-162.25%2.71%5.00%2.8%
May 20092009-122.05%2.47%5.00%2.4%
Apr 20092009-102.15%2.59%5.00%2.6%
Mar 20092009-81.94%2.33%5.00%2.4%
Feb 20092009-51.65%1.98%5.00%2.0%
Jan 20092009-12.06%2.48%5.00%2.4%
Dec 20082008-532.85%3.43%5.00%3.4%
Nov 20082008-502.97%3.57%5.00%3.6%
Oct 20082008-493.16%3.81%5.00%3.8%
Sep 20082008-463.46%4.16%5.00%4.2%
Aug 20082008-433.55%4.26%5.00%4.2%
Jul 20082008-333.45%4.14%5.00%4.2%
Jun 20082008-283.20%3.84%5.00%3.8%
May 20082008-242.74%3.29%5.00%3.2%
Apr 20082008-202.87%3.45%5.00%3.4%
Mar 20082008-112.97%3.57%5.00%3.6%
Feb 20082008-93.51%4.22%5.00%4.2%
Jan 20082008-43.58%4.31%5.00%4.4%
Dec 20072007-704.13%4.97%5.00%5.0%
Nov 20072007-664.39%5.28%5.28%5.2%
Oct 20072007-634.35%5.23%5.23%5.2%
Sep 20072007-574.79%5.76%5.76%5.8%
Aug 20072007-505.09%6.13%6.13%6.2%
Jul 20072007-444.95%5.96%5.96%6.0%
Jun 20072007-364.64%5.59%5.59%5.6%
May 20072007-294.62%5.56%5.56%5.6%
Apr 20072007-234.61%5.54%5.54%5.6%
Mar 20072007-154.86%5.84%5.84%5.8%
Feb 20072007-94.69%5.65%5.65%5.6%
Jan 20072007-24.58%5.51%5.51%5.6%
Dec 20062006-614.73%5.70%5.70%5.8%
Nov 20062006-554.69%5.65%5.65%5.6%
Oct 20062006-504.82%5.79%5.79%5.8%
Sep 20062006-445.01%6.03%6.03%6.0%
Aug 20062006-395.21%6.27%6.27%6.2%
Jul 20062006-355.05%6.08%6.08%6.0%
Jun 20062006-295.06%6.09%6.09%6.0%
May 20062006-244.84%5.82%5.82%5.8%
Apr 20062006-224.72%5.68%5.68%5.6%
Mar 20062006-104.51%5.42%5.42%5.4%
Feb 20062006-74.40%5.29%5.29%5.2%
Jan 20062006-44.48%5.39%5.39%5.4%
Dec 20052005-774.52%5.43%5.43%5.4%
Nov 20052005-714.23%5.09%5.09%5.0%
Oct 20052005-664.08%4.91%5.00%5.0%
Sep 20052005-574.19%5.04%5.04%5.0%
Aug 20052005-543.92%4.71%5.00%4.8%
Jul 20052005-383.86%4.63%5.00%4.6%
Jun 20052005-324.01%4.82%5.00%4.8%
May 20052005-274.28%5.15%5.15%5.2%
Apr 20052005-234.09%4.92%5.00%5.0%
Mar 20052005-133.83%4.60%5.00%4.6%
Feb 20052005-83.83%4.60%5.00%4.6%
Jan 20052005-23.76%4.53%5.00%4.6%
Dec 20042004-1063.56%4.28%5.00%4.2%
Nov 20042004-1023.55%4.26%5.00%4.2%
Oct 20042004-963.62%4.36%5.00%4.4%
Sep 20042004-693.84%4.61%5.00%4.6%
Aug 20042004-844.00%4.81%5.00%4.8%
Jul 20042004-664.11%4.94%5.00%5.0%
Jun 20042004-543.89%4.67%5.00%4.6%
May 20042004-443.16%3.81%5.00%3.8%
Apr 20042004-393.15%3.80%5.00%3.8%
Mar 20042004-253.34%4.01%5.00%4.0%
Feb 20042004-93.44%4.13%5.00%4.2%
Jan 20042004-23.52%4.23%5.00%4.2%
Dec 20032003-1223.55%4.26%5.00%4.2%
Nov 20032003-1143.32%3.99%5.00%4.0%
Oct 20032003-1073.65%4.39%5.00%4.4%
Sep 20032003-1013.43%4.12%5.00%4.2%
Aug 20032003-942.70%3.25%5.00%3.2%
Jul 20032003-712.55%3.06%5.00%3.0%
Jun 20032003-603.06%3.68%5.00%3.6%
May 20032003-453.17%3.82%5.00%3.8%
Apr 20032003-352.96%3.56%5.00%3.6%
Mar 20032003-263.24%3.89%5.00%3.8%
Feb 20032003-163.27%3.93%5.00%4.0%
Jan 20032003-53.43%4.12%5.00%4.2%
Dec 20022002-813.31%3.98%5.00%4.0%
Nov 20022002-743.06%3.68%5.00%3.6%
Oct 20022002-613.46%4.16%5.00%4.2%
Sep 20022002-533.75%4.51%5.00%4.6%
Aug 20022002-484.24%5.10%5.10%5.2%
Jul 20022002-404.60%5.53%5.53%5.6%
Jun 20022002-364.74%5.71%5.71%5.8%
May 20022002-254.99%6.01%6.01%6.0%
Apr 20022002-174.65%5.60%5.60%5.6%
Mar 20022002-104.52%5.43%5.43%5.4%
Feb 20022002-54.63%5.58%5.58%5.6%
Jan 20022002-24.49%5.40%5.40%5.4%
Dec 20012001-583.97%4.78%5.00%4.8%
Nov 20012001-524.13%4.97%5.00%5.0%
Oct 20012001-494.59%5.52%5.52%5.6%
Sep 20012001-434.82%5.79%5.79%5.8%
Aug 20012001-364.99%6.01%6.01%6.0%
Jul 20012001-345.12%6.16%6.16%6.2%
Jun 20012001-275.02%6.04%6.04%6.0%
May 20012001-224.77%5.73%5.73%5.8%
Apr 20012001-174.94%5.95%5.95%6.0%
Mar 20012001-125.07%6.10%6.10%6.2%
Feb 20012001-75.07%6.10%6.10%6.2%
Jan 20012001-35.61%6.75%6.75%6.8%
Dec 20002000-545.87%7.07%7.07%7.0%
Nov 20002000-506.01%7.23%7.23%7.2%
Oct 20002000-456.09%7.33%7.33%7.4%
Sep 20002000-416.22%7.50%7.50%7.6%
Aug 20002000-386.33%7.62%7.62%7.6%
Jul 20002000-326.62%7.96%7.96%8.0%
Jun 20002000-286.62%7.96%7.96%8.0%
May 20002000-236.40%7.70%7.70%7.8%
Apr 20002000-196.71%8.08%8.08%8.0%
Mar 20002000-116.80%8.19%8.19%8.2%
Feb 20002000-96.56%7.90%7.90%8.0%
Jan 20002000-16.21%7.47%7.47%7.4%

The "effective SEPP cap" column applies Notice 2022-6's 5% floor; it is the only derived column in this table, and only meaningful for a series that began under that Notice (first distributions in 2022 or later). Earlier rows show what the cap would have been under the same rule.

What these rates govern

IRC § 1274(d) requires the IRS to publish short-term, mid-term and long-term Applicable Federal Rates every month, set from the average market yield on Treasury obligations of comparable maturity, primarily to value below-market loans and debt instruments. Other Code sections borrow them: IRS Notice 2022-6 Q&A 4 caps the interest rate in a 72(t)/Substantially Equal Periodic Payment series computed under the fixed amortization or fixed annuitization method at the greater of 5% or 120% of the mid-term AFR for either of the two months before the first distribution (the RMD method uses no rate at all), and § 7520 values annuities, life estates and remainders at that same 120% figure rounded to 0.2%.

How the 120% mid-term rate is derived

The IRS applies each multiple to the semiannual mid-term AFR, then converts that semiannual rate to the other compounding periods. Multiplying the annual figure by 1.2 does not reproduce the published table; this does, within 0.01 percentage points, in every ruling since January 2000.

semiannual mid-term AFR 5.02% × 1.2 6.02% (published semiannual 120%: 6.02%) annual (1 + s/2)² − 1 6.11% (published: 6.11%) quarterly 4 × ((1 + s/2)^(1/2) − 1) 5.98% (published: 5.98%) monthly 12 × ((1 + s/2)^(1/6) − 1) 5.95% (published: 5.95%)

The § 7520 rate is the annual 120% mid-term figure rounded to the nearest 0.2%, with a tie rounding up: 6.11% → 6.2%, which is what the ruling publishes.

Where the figures come from

Every number on this page and the month pages is read by a script from the ruling the IRS posts at irs.gov/pub/irs-drop, Tables 1, 2, 3 and 5, and committed with the ruling's number and link. The script refuses a month that is not the one after the newest on file, refuses any change to a month already on file, and recomputes every multiple from the semiannual AFR as a check before anything is published. Two months are transcribed by hand because their PDFs do not extract as text, and one carries the IRS's own published correction; each says so on its page. A month the IRS has not published does not exist here: nothing is projected.

Sources: IRS — Applicable Federal Rates (monthly Revenue Rulings) · IRS Notice 2022-6 (2022-05 IRB), Q&A 4 · IRC § 1274(d), § 7520

Informational only, not financial, tax or legal advice. Verify the month's figure against the linked ruling before relying on it to establish a SEPP series or value an interest.

Last reviewed: November 2026 · snapshot built 2026-10-26 from irs.gov · 323 months on file.

Frequently asked questions

Which month's AFR do I use for my SEPP?

IRS Notice 2022-6 Q&A 4 lets you choose the 120%-of-mid-term-AFR rate for either of the two calendar months immediately preceding the month your first distribution is taken — not necessarily the current month. If your first distribution is in November, you may use October's or September's published rate, whichever is more favorable. Look up both months in the table above.

Why is the cap "the greater of 5% or 120% of the AFR," not just the AFR itself?

Notice 2022-6 Q&A 4 sets a 5% floor so the maximum rate never falls with market conditions below what the IRS considers a reasonable minimum for this purpose. When 120% of the mid-term AFR is below 5%, the 5% floor is what actually governs — the AFR figure only matters once it rises above 5%.

Is the 120% mid-term AFR the same as the § 7520 rate?

Not quite. The § 7520 rate is 120% of the mid-term AFR rounded to the nearest two-tenths of a percent, with a tie rounding up; the SEPP cap uses the exact Table 1 figure. Both are shown for every month on this site, each page working the rounding so you can see where they diverge.

How does the IRS get from the AFR to the 110%, 120%, 130%, 150% and 175% rows?

It multiplies the semiannual AFR, not the annual one, and then converts that semiannual rate to annual, quarterly and monthly compounding. That is why 1.2 times the annual mid-term AFR is usually a hundredth or two off the published 120% figure. Every month page on this site works that arithmetic beside the IRS's own number.

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